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Perpetual motion machine is a device or system that produces more or as much as energy absorbed for the process, that is theoretically it should work indefinitely to give more energy than consumed. This contradicts the law of nature. In fact a perpetual motion machine is said to violate all the three laws of thermodynamics.

Based on the violation of thermodynamics law, perpetual motion has its own classifications.

The first law of thermodynamics states that energy can neither be created nor destroyed, but transferred from one body to another. A perpetual motion of first kind gives unlimited amount of energy from nothing, which is a clear cut contradiction to the first law.

The second law of thermodynamics says that there will always be some wastage of energy in the form of heat, hence no machine can give 100% efficiency. Perpetual motor of the second kind refers to a device that pulls out heat from a source and then exchanges this heat completely into other forms of energy.

The third law of thermodynamics states that friction exists, hence entropy increases. Perpetual motion of the third kind is a device that can function or keep moving forever, which is not plausible due to the resistance occurring in any machines.

Since perpetual motion machines do not apply the existing laws of nature, it is considered to be unscientific, hence impossible. If we closely examine certain devices which are said to be perpetual motion machines, we can notice that they indeed use up some energy resulting in its working. Here are a few examples of such devices.

The drinking bird or the dippy bird toy uses the moisture in the environment for its working and by temperature gradients. The difference in vapor pressure and temperature gradient gets the capillary water based pump to work. A crookes radiometer consists of a partial vacuum glass container with a small propeller worked by temperature gradients. In order to wind the spring of the atmos clock, it uses the changes in the vapor pressure of ethyl chloride with temperature. Any device that functions using energy in small quantity from electromagnetic radiation is also said to be perpetual motion machines.

Besides the physics based description, perpetual machine has other denotations too. It can be literally used to describe machines or even people in as moving perpetually or continuously without stopping. Also, any concept or equipment that violates physics is colloquially called a perpetual motion machine.

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